The Laboratory for Psychotherapy Science
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FIND PUBLICATIONS ON PUBMED
2018 and in press
Caperton, D.D., Atkins, D.C., & Imel, Z.E. (in press). Rating Motivational Interviewing Fidelity from Thin Slices. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 

Bryan, C.J., Baucom, B.R., Crenshaw, A., Imel, Z.E., Atkins, D.C., Clemans, T.A., …, & Rudd, M.D. (in press). Associations of patient-rated emotional bond and vocally encoded emotional arousal among clinicians and acutely suicidal military personnel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Hallgren, K. A., Dembe, A.*, Pace, B. T.*, Imel, Z. E., & Atkins, D.C. (in press). Evaluation of therapist variability in motivational interviewing adherence across sessions, clinicians, and settings. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.

Zeber. J.E., Coleman, K.J., Fischer, H., Yoon, T., Ahmedani, B.K., Beck, A., Hubley, S., Imel, Z.E., Rossom, R.C., Shortreed, S.M., Stewart, C., Waitzfelder, B.E., Simon, G.E. (in press). The impact of race and ethnicity on rates of return to psychotherapy for depression. Depression and Anxiety. 


Pace, B.T.*, Baldwin, S.A., Dembe, A.*, Soma, T.*, & Atkins, D.C., & Imel, Z.E. (in press). Why Does Motivational Interviewing work? A meta-analysis of adherence and outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.

Hirsch, T., Soma, C.S.*, Merced, K.*, Kuo, P.B.*, Dembe, A.*, Caperton, D.*, Atkins, D.C., Imel, Z.E. (2018) “It’s hard to argue with a computer:” Investigating Psychotherapists’ Attitudes towards Automated Evaluation. Designing Interactive Systems. 

2017​
Imel, Z.E., Caperton, D.D.*, Tanana, M.*, & Atkins, D. (2017). Technology enhanced human interaction in psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. doi: 10.1037/cou0000213.

Perry, N.S.*, Baucom, K.J., Bourne, S., Butner, J., Crenshaw, A.O.*, Hogan, J.N.*, Imel, Z.E., Wiltshire, T.J., & Baucom, B.R. (2017). Graphical Methods for Interpreting Longitudinal Dyadic Patterns from Repeated-Measures Actor-Partner Interdependence Models. Journal of Family Psychology. Doi: 10.1037/fam0000293

Gaut, G.*, Steyvers, M., Imel, Z.E., Atkins, D.C., Smyth, P. (2017). Automated global and localized content coding of psychotherapy transcripts using labeled topic models. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 21, 476-487. 


2016
Can D., Marín R. A., Georgiou P. G., Imel Z. E., Atkins D. C. & Narayanan S. S. (2016). "It sounds like...": A natural language processing approach to detecting counselor reflections in motivational interviewing. Journal of counseling psychology. Vol. 63, 343-50. Published, 04/01/2016.

Dunn C., Darnell D., Atkins D. C., Hallgren K. A., Imel Z. E., Bumgardner K., Owens M., & Roy-Byrne P. (2016). Within-Provider Variability in Motivational Interviewing Integrity for Three Years after MI Training: Does Time Heal?. Journal of substance abuse treatment. Vol. 65, 74-82. Published, 04/01/2016.

Pace, B.P.*, Xiao, B., Soma, T.*, Dembe, A.*, Stevyers, M., Atkins, D.A., Narayanan, S., &
Imel, Z.E. (2016). In the beginning there were words: The role of natural language processing in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Bulletin. 

Tanana M, Hallgren KA, Imel ZE, Atkins DC & Srikumar V (2016). A Comparison of Natural Language Processing Methods for Automated Coding of Motivational Interviewing. Journal of substance abuse treatment. Vol. 65, 43-50. Published, 04/01/2016.

Xiao, B., Georgiou, P.G.,
Imel, Z.E., Atkins, D.C, & Narayanan, S.S. (in press). A technology prototype system for rating therapist empathy from audio recordings in addiction counseling. PeerJ Computer Science.

Xiao, Bo., Imel, Z.E., Georgiou, P., Atkins, D., & Narayanan, S. (in press). Computational Analysis and Simulation of Empathic Behaviors: A Survey of Empathy Modeling with Behavioral Signal Processing Framework. Current Psychiatry. 

Xiao B, Imel ZE, Georgiou P, Atkins DC & Narayanan SS (2016). Computational Analysis and Simulation of Empathic Behaviors: a Survey of Empathy Modeling with Behavioral Signal Processing Framework. Current psychiatry reports. Vol. 18, 49. Published, 03/01/2016.
Can D, Marín RA, Georgiou PG, Imel ZE, Atkins DC & Narayanan SS (2016). "It Sounds Like . . .": A Natural Language Processing Approach to Detecting Counselor Reflections in Motivational Interviewing. Journal of counseling psychology. In press, 01/01/2016.


2015
Gaut, G., Steyvers, M., Imel, Z.E., Atkins, D.C., Smyth, P. (2015). Automated global and localized content coding of psychotherapy transcripts using labeled topic models. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. Epub ahead of print.

Xiao, B., Imel, Z.E.**, Georgiou, P.G., Atkins, D.C, & Narayanan, S.S. (2015). "Rate my therapist": Automated detection of empathy in drug and alcohol counseling. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143055

Can, D., Marin, R., Imel, Z.E., Georgiou, P.G., Atkins, D.C., & Narayanan, S.S. (in press). “It sounds like...”: A natural language processing approach to detecting counselor reflections in Motivational Interviewing. Journal of Counseling Psychology.

Tao, K.W., Owen, J., Pace, B.T.*, & Imel, Z.E. (2015). A meta-analysis of multicultural competencies and psychotherapy process and outcome. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 62, 337-50. DOI: 10.1037/cou0000086.

Bryan, C.J., Griffith, J., Pace, B.T.*, Hinkson, K., Bryan, A., Clemans, T., & Imel, Z.E. (2015). Combat exposure and risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among military personnel and veterans: a systematic review. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 45, 633-649. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12163

Brown, H.*, Allred, H.*, Melling, A.*, Kelly, A.*, Imel, Z.E., & Simon, G.E. (2015). Problems with Using Patient Retention in the Evaluation of Mental Health Providers: Differences in Type of Dropout. Psychiatric Services, 66, 879-882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400059

Lord, S. P., Can, D., Yi, M. S. K., Marín, R. A., Dunn, C. W., Imel, Z.E., Georgiou, P., Narayanan, S., Steyvers, M., & Atkins, D. C. (2015). Advancing methods for reliably assessing motivational interviewing fidelity using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 49, 50-57. 

Imel, Z.E., Sheng, E., Baldwin, S.A., & Atkins, D.C. (2015). Removing very low-performing therapists: A simulation of performance-based retention in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 52, 329-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000023  

Lord, S. P., Sheng, E., Imel, Z. E., Baer, J. S., & Atkins, D. C. (2015). More than reflections: Empathy in motivational interviewing includes language style synchrony between counselor and client. Behavior Therapy, 46, 296-303.  

Dunn, C.W., Darnell, D., Yi, M.S.K., Steyvers, M., Bumgardner, K., Lord, S.P., Imel, Z.E., & Atkins, D. C. (2014). Should we trust our judgments about the proficiency of Motivational Interviewing counselors? A glimpse at the impact of low inter-rater reliability? Motivational Interviewing: Treatment, Research, Implementation, and Policy, 1, 38-41. doi: 10.5195/mitrip.2014. 


2014 
Owen, J., Tao, K.W., Imel, Z.E., Wampold, B.E., & Rodolfa, E. (2014). Addressing racial and ethnic microaggressions in therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice.

Lord, S. P., Can, D., Yi, M. S. K., Marín, R. A., Dunn, C. W., Imel, Z.E., Georgiou, P., Narayanan, S., Steyvers, M., & Atkins, D. C. (2014). Advancing methods for reliably assessing motivational interviewing fidelity using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.

Dunn, C.W., Darnell, D., Yi, M.S.K., Steyvers, M., Bumgardner, K., Lord, S.P., Imel, Z.E., & Atkins, D. C. (2014). Should we trust our judgments about the proficiency of Motivational Interviewing counselors? A glimpse at the impact of low inter-rater reliability? Motivational Interviewing: Treatment, Research, Implementation, and Policy.

Atkins, D.C., Steyvers, M., Imel, Z.E., & Smyth, P. (2014). Automatic evaluation of psychotherapy language with quantitative linguistic models: An initial application to Motivational Interviewing. Implementation Science, 9, 49.

Imel, Z.E., Steyvers, M., Atkins, D.C. (2014). Computational Psychotherapy: Scaling up the evaluation of patient provider interactions. Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036841

Imel, Z.E., Baldwin, S., Baer, J., Hartzler, B., Dunn, C., Rosengren, D., & Atkins, D.C. (2014). Evaluating therapist adherence in motivational interviewing by comparing performance with standardized and real patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036158

Baldwin, S.A., Imel, Z.E., Braithwaite, S., & Atkins, D.C. (2014). Analyzing multiple outcomes using multivariate multilevel models. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035628

Imel, Z.E., Barco, J.S., Brown, H., Baucom, B.R., Baer, J.S., Kircher, J., & Atkins, D.C. (2014). Synchrony in Vocally Encoded Arousal as an Indicator of Therapist Empathy in Motivational Interviewing. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(1), 146-53.


Baldwin, S.A., Imel, Z.E., Braithwaite, S., & Atkins, D. (2014). Analyzing multiple outcomes using multivariate multilevel models. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Hawkins, E.J., Malte, C.A., Grossbard, J., Saxon, A.J., Imel, Z.E., & Kivlahan, D.K. (2014). Comparative Safety of Benzodiazepines and Opioids Among Veterans Affairs Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Addiction Medicine.

2013
Imel, Z.E., Laska, K., Jakupcak, M., & Simpson, T. (2013). Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. [Epub ahead of print]. PMCID: Pending.

Imel, Z.E., Hubbard, R., Rutter, C., & Simon, G.E. (2013). Patient rated alliance as a measure of therapist performance in two clinical settings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1(1), 154-65.

Baldwin, S.A., & Imel, Z.E. (2013). Therapist variables in psychotherapy research. In M.J. Lambert, (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. (5th ed.). New York: Wiley. In press.

2012
Baldwin, S., Imel, Z.E., Atkins, D.A. (2012). The Influence of Therapist Variance on the Dependability of Therapists’ Alliance Scores. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

Owen, J., Imel, Z.E., Adelson, J., Wampold, & Rodolfa, E. (2012). ‘No-show’: Therapist Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Client Unilateral Termination. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 314-20.

Hawkins, E., Malte, C., Imel, Z.E., Saxon, A., & Kivlahan, D. (2012). Prevalence and Trends in Benzodiazepine use Among VA Patients with PTSD in VISN 20, 2003-2010. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 142, 154-61.

Simon, G., Imel, Z.E., Steinfield, B.J. (2012). Is dropout after a first psychotherapy visit always a bad outcome? Psychiatric Services, 63, 705-7. 

Hoerster, K.D., Malte, C.A., Imel, Z.E., Ahmad, Z., Hunt, S.C., Jakupcak, M. (2012). Association between perceived barriers and prospective VA mental health care utilization among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans. Psychiatric Services, 63, 380-2. 

MacCoon, D.G., Imel, Z.E., Rosenkranz, M.A., Sheftel, J.G., Weng, H.Y., Sullivan, J.C., Bonus, K.A., Stoney, C.M., Salomons, T.V., Davidson, R.J., Lutz, A. (2012). The validation of an active control intervention for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 3-12. PMCID: Pending.

2011 
Imel, Z.E., Baldwin, S.A., Atkins, D., Owen, J., Baardseth, T., & Wampold, B.E. (2011). Racial/ethnic disparities in therapist effectiveness: A conceptualization and initial study of cultural competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 290-298. 

Imel, Z.E., Baer, J. Martino, S.M., Ball, S., Carroll, K. (2011). Mutual influence in therapist competence and adherence to motivational enhancement therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115, 229-236. PMCID: PMC3397170.

2010 
Owen, J., Imel, Z.E., Tao, K.W., Wampold, B.E., & Rodolfa, E. (2010). Cultural ruptures in short-term therapy: Working alliance as a mediator between clients’ perceptions of microaggressions and therapy outcomes. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research.

Owen, J., & Imel, Z.E. (2010). Utilizing rating scales in psychotherapy practice: Theory & application. In L. Baer & M.A. Blais (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Rating Scales and Assessment in Psychiatry and Mental Health. (pp. 257-270). New York: Humana Press. 

Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., Laska, K.M., Benish, S., Miller, S., Flűckiger, C., Del Re, A.C., & Baardseth, T.P., & Budge, S. (2010). Determining what works in the treatment of PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 923-933. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.005. 

Jakupcak, M., Vannoy, S., Imel, Z.E., Cook, J., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., McFall, M. (2010). Does PTSD moderate the relationship between social support and suicide risk in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans seeking mental health treatment. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 1001-1005. doi:10.1002/da.20722.

2009 
Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., Miller, S. (2009). Barriers to the dissemination of Empirically Supported Treatments. The Behavior Therapist, 32, 144-155. 

McCutcheon, S.R., & Imel, Z.E., (2009). Valuing diversity: How do we implement our best intentions? The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 760-771. doi:10.1177/0011000009334094. 

Jakupcak, M., Cook, J., Imel, Z.E., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., McFall, M. (2009). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Risk Factor for Suicidal Ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan Combat Veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 303-306. doi:10.1002/jts.20423.

Imel, Z.E. (2009). Common factors in psychotherapy. In F.T. Leong (Ed.), Encyclopedia of counseling psychology. New York: Sage.

2008 
Imel, Z.E., Wampold, B.E., & Miller, S. (2008). Distinctions without a difference: A meta-analysis of psychological treatments for alcohol abuse. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 533-543. doi:10.1037/a0013171.

Imel, Z.E., Baldwin, S.A., & MacCoon, D.G., & Bonus, K. (2008). Beyond the Individual: An investigation of group effects in a mindfulness based stress reduction program. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 735-742. doi:10.1080/10503300802326038.

Imel, Z.E., Malterer, M., McKay, K.M., & Wampold, B.E. (2008). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and medication in unipolar depression and dysthymia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 110, 197-206. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.018. 

Hoyt, W.T., Imel, Z.E., Chan, F. (2008). Multiple regression and correlation techniques: Recent controversies and best practices. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53, 321-339. doi:10.1037/a0013021.

Benish, S.M., Imel, Z.E., & Wampold, B.E. (2008). The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treatment posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 746-758. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.005.

Imel, Z.E. & Wampold, B. E. (2008). The importance of treatment and the science of common factors in psychotherapy. In S.D. Brown & R.W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (4th ed). (pp. 249-266). New York: Wiley. 

2007 
Baldwin, S.A., Wampold, B.E., & Imel, Z.E. (2007). Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: Exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 842-852. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.842. 

Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., & Minami, T. (2007). The placebo effect: “Relatively large” and “robust” enough to survive another assault. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 401-403. doi:10.1002/jclp.20350. 

Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., & Minami, T. (2007). The story of placebo effects in medicine: Evidence in context. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 379-390. doi:10.1002/jclp.20354.

2006 
McKay, K.M., Imel, Z.E., & Wampold, B.E. (2006). Psychiatrist effects in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 92, 287-290. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.020.

Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., Bhati, K.S., & Johnson-Jennings, M.D. (2006). Insight as a common factor. In L.G. Castonguay & C.E. Hill, (Eds.), Insight in Psychotherapy (pp. 119-137). Washington DC: APA. doi:10.1037/11532-006

2005
Slaughter, J., & Imel, Z.E. (2005). Conversion disorder: A disorder of somatic self-awareness. In B.D. Beitman & J. Nair, (Eds.), Self-awareness deficits in Psychiatric Patients: Neurobiology, Assessment, and Treatment. (pp. 280-297). New York: Norton.
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